Kohhran Tih-Sual Râpthlâk - Part 1 (Kum 350 Hnu-ah Kohhran-in Ngaihdam A Dil Leh Si!!!)

1. AN TIH-SUAL AŢANGIN ZIR RAWH

Bible-in Israel fate chunga Thil-thleng a sawinaah, “Chung chu entirna turin an chungah a lo thleng a nih kha; keini, hun tawp lo thlenna-te hi, min zilhna turin an ziak a ni bawk a” a ti a (1Kor.10:6,11,Heb.4:11,2Pet.2:6). Kohhran Tih-sual Râpthlâk tak kha, Tunlai Kohhran tân leh Ringtu mimal tân Zir tur ţha tak kan neih phah ta a. Keini erawhchu Kohhran-in an lo Tih-sual anga tisual ve lo turin kan inbuatsaih a ngai dawn a ni. Kohhran Tih-sual kan ti nâ a, Kohhran hi amah-in a sual thei lova, a Hruaitu leh Enkawltu Mihring (Administrator) kha an pawimawh ber a. Chu Kohhran Hotu/Hruaitu hnuaia awm chu a nih avangin, Kohhran Hruaitu-in a tihsual a, a hruai-sual chuan, Kohhran kha a mualpho ta ţhin a ni.

Chuvangin, Hruaitu an sual a, ţha lo tak leh dik lo taka midangte an hruai a, an fuihpawrh chuan Kohhran-in Thil nasa tak a tisual thei a ni. Kohhran History hi Theological College-ah leh Sunday School-ah kan Zir a, kan Zirtir a, Upa leh Lehkhathiam chin chuan kan chhiar hnu leh kan hriat-sa a ni. He Kohhran Tih-sualah hian Kohhran tih-bik a awm lova, eng Kohhran pawh kan tel vek. A chhan chu hetih hunlai hian Kohhran Pakhatah kan la awm vek avangin keimahni tih a ni tel ve tho a ni. Kan Zir-chhuah atâna ţha ber leh kan Inngaihhruina erawhchu, “SULHNU ŢHA LO, HRIAT RENG TUR HNUTCHHIAH SUH ANG CHE” tih hi a ni.

2. THUDIK-IN ŢHIAN A HMÊL MÂK-TIR!

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Italian Physicist leh Astronomer hi kum 1564 February 15 khân a piang a. A Thiamna aţanga Scientific revolution kal zel chu Sir Isaac Newton-ah khân a pârchhuak a nih kha. Galileo khân Jupiter, Sunspots, Milky Way, Thermometer te a hmuchhuak a. Kum 1543-a Polish Astronomer Nicolaus Copernius-a thil hmuhchhuah, “HELIOCENTRISM (SUN-CENTERED)” chu a dik zia a confirmed bawk a ni.

Kohhran-in Galileo chunga ro an rel dân râpthlâk tak kha Kohhran History-a Thil-thleng Zahthlâk ber-te zinga pakhat a ni hial awm e. Kum 372 zet liam tawh mahse theihnghilh theih rual a ni lo. Science (Astronomy) lam Zirna huangah pawh he Thil-thleng Râpthlâk tak leh Zâhthlâk tak hi an Zir tel zel ang a, an hre rêng tawh ang. Galileo-a Thlah (generations) kal zêl-te tân ngat phei chuan, khawvel awm chhung chu theih-nghilh mai mai phal chi a ni hauh lovang le!!!

Galileo leh Pope Urban VIII kha an inkawmngeih hle a. Galileo khân, a Lehkhabu ziah ţhenkhat chu Pope Urban VIII tân hian a lo hlân (dedicated) nghe nghe a ni. Galileo kha Thudik ngaisâng leh Thudik ţan tlat mi a nih avangin Kohhran-in Thuneihna dik lo taka an hmang ţhin chu a ngai thei lova, a sawichhuah fo ţhin avangin Kohhran hruaitu ţhenkhat chuan an ngeih lo viau thung. Zan khat chu, a Telescope hmanga Vân lam chanchin a zirna aţang chuan, Jupiter hêltu thla (Jupiter’s moons orbit Jupiter) a hmuchhuak thar ta tlat mai!

A Zirchian zelnaah chuan, Nicolaus Copernicus-a lo hmuhchhuah tawh, “HELIOCENTRISM” – “Ni khi alai takah a awm a, kan awmna Lei leh a dangte hian an kal hual a ni” (Sun is at the center of the solar system, and Earth, like everything else nearby, orbits the Sun) a tih kha a dik zia a hmuchiang ta tlat mai bawk a ni. Hei hi Khawvel tân malsawmna a nih laiin, Galileo tân chuan ânchhia a ni thung.

Hetih hunlai hian, “LEI HI A CHE (VIR) TIH NGAIHDÂN CHU ZIRTIRNA DIK LO LEH KOHHRAN DONA” (belief in a moving earth was heretical) a ni tawp mai thung a!!! Kohhran chuan Galileo chu a ngaihdân thlâk turin an ti a. A ţhian Pope Urban VIII pawhin a hneh thei chuang lo. Tichuan, Inquisition (Thudik-chhuitu) hmaah hruai a ni a, a ngaihdân a thlâk loh chuan Kohhran aţanga Hnawhchhuah leh sawisakah nasa takin an vau a. Mahse, Galileo chuan a ngaihdân chu Thudik a ni si a, a thlâk thei ta si lova, Kohhran hmêlma a lo ni ta a ni!!

3. THUDIK A SAWI AVANGIN TIHHLUM A NI!!!

Galileo khân Aristotle-a ngaihdân “Speed of fall is proportional to weight, by dropping two objects of different weight simultaneously from the Leaning Tower” tih kha, a Dik Loh-zia a lo sawi chhuak leh khang-lang a (Galileo discovered that all objects fall toward the earth with the same acceleration, regardless of their weight, size, or shape, when gravity is the only force acting on them). Hemi avang hian, University of Pisa-a Professor (Mathematics) hna a thawh kha an chhunzawm-tir duh ta lo nghe nghe. Mahse, hemi kum vêk hian University of Padua chuan Chair of Mathematics atân an ruai nghal thung.

Sawi tâk ang khian, hetih hun lai hian, Kohhran chu Thuneihna tawp neitu anga ngaih a ni a. Kohhran hian eng-ang ngaihdân pawh siam sela, hnial emaw, kalh emaw a thiang lo. Solar System chungchângah pawh hian, “Kan awmna Lei hi alai takah, che lovin a awm a, Ni leh arsi dangte khian an kal hual a ni” tih chu Kohhran-in ngaihdân a neih mêk a ni. Mahse, Nicolaus Copernicus khân, hei hi a dik lo tih a lo sawi tawh a. Mahse, Kohhran a hlauh avangin a sawi zau ngam lova, a lo ngawihpui tawp a. Lehkhabu a buatsaih vek tawh pawh a lo dah ţha tawp a, a thih hmâ lawk, kum 1543 khân a Lehkhabu chu a chhuah (publish) chauh nghe nghe a ni.

Khatihlai khân, Ptolemy, Astronomer and Mathematician (100?-170? AD) ngaihdân, “PTOLEMAIC VIEW” kha Kohhran chuan an pawm bur a. Ptolemy-an, “Kan awmna Lei hi Universe lai takah a awm a ni” (Earth is stationary and at the center of the universe) a tih kha Matthaia Ziak tlukin an pawm nghet a ni. He PTOLEMAIC VIEW kalh zawnga ngaihdân thehdarh chu Kohhran Do leh Zirtirna Dik Lo thehdarh tum an ni nghal a, Kohhran aţanga Hnawhchhuah leh Hâl-hlum bâk beisei tur an nei lo.

Chutiang dinhmun-a ding an nih avang chuan, hemi chungchângah hian Galileo pawhin puitling takin, Rome khuaa kalin, Pope leh Kohhran hruaitute chu hneh (convince) tumin theihtawpin Copernicus-a ngaihdân chu a dik zawk thu a sawifiah a. Mahse, hneh tâk aruangin, Pope Urban VIII leh Kohhran hruaitute chuan Galileo lam hawiin action an la ta zawk a. Copernicus-a Ngaihdân “HELIOCENTRISM” chu a buaipui zel dawn a nih chuan Kohhran aţanga an Hnawhchhuah (excommunicate) tur thu leh Zirtirna Dik Lo (heresy) thehdarhtu a nih dawn avangin a chungah nâ taka action an lâk tur thu-in an lo chhang ta zawk a ni.

An sawi dân chuan, Galileo chu Kohhran Court-ah Inquisitors ho hmaah an ţhut-tir a, vau leh tih-ţhaihna hrang hranga an tih hnu-ah chuan, hetiang hian a chhang a, “A ţha e, in duh dân chu ka hria alawm. Kan awmna Lei hian Ni khi a hel lo ve,” a ti ta a ni. Mahse, ama hriat tawk lêkin, “mahse, a che ngei alawm” (E pur si luove/ and yet it moves!) a ti e, an ti!!

Hemi hnu lawk hian, Kohhran hruaitute thiltih dân chu a ngaihtuah a, a pai dai thei ngang lova, “Bible-in vân rama in kal theih dân tur a hrilh che u a. Mahse, vân thil-te khi engtin nge an chet-vel tih erawhchu a hrilh lo che u a ni” (the Bible tells you how to go to Heaven! It does NOT tell you how the heavens go!) tiin ding meuhvin Kohhran hruaitute chu a hrâwk ta a. Chuveleh chuan, Kohhran dotu, Thurin phatsantu angin a chungah action an la ta a, kum 9 lai mai pawn-chhuak thei lovin House Arrest-in a In-ah an khung a. January 8, 1642 khân, ama chenna Inah an khaihlum ta a ni. Ţhenkhat chuan in-âwkhlum angin an than tir bawk. Mahse, Kohhran thiltih duh dân leh tih ţhin dân en khian in-âwkhlum a nih a rinawm lo.

4. KOHHRAN-IN A TISUAL, KUM 350 HNU-AH NGAHDAM A DIL!!!

Kohhran khân a ngaihdân âtthlâk tak leh mâwl tak kha a thlâk lawk chuang lova. Mahse, kum 1758 aţang khân, COPERNICAN VIEW (Heliocentrism) chu mipui tam zawkin an pawm tâk avangin Kohhran pawhin Copernicus-a Ngaihdân pawmtute chungah action a la ngam ta bik lova. Hei hi a thih hmâ lawk-a Copernicus-a Lehkhabu chhuah “De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium” (“On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres,” 1543, Earth and the other planets orbit a centrally located Sun)-in a nghawng leh Galileo chunga Kohhran Kut-thlâkna Râpthlâk tak duhlo tute avanga kang kai chho a ni.

Pathian ringtu dik tak Hruaitu Ropui Pope John Paul II chuan Kohhranin Galileo chunga an Tih-sual Râpthlâk tak chu hria-in, kum 1979 khân Galileo-a chungchânga Kohhran Thutlûkna chu Ennawn leh turin Vatican Council-ah a thlen a. Rei fe (kum 13 chhung zet) chai a nih hnu-ah, Galileo thih aţanga Kum 350 liam hnu-ah, Kum 1992 khân, Rawtna siamtu Pope John Paul II chuan, Galileo chhungte hnenah leh Kohhran mipuite hnenah ngaihdam dilin, “Galileo khân Thudik a sawi avang leh Thudik a ţan avanga Kohhran-in House arrest-a kum 9 lai an lo khung thu-ah leh, a thih thu-ah khân Kohhran-in mawh kan phur a, Thinlung tih tak zetin ngaihdam kan dil e” tiin.

Pope John Paul II thlâktu, Pope Benedict XVI pawhin, “Galileo chungchânga Kohhran-in thutlûkna thar a siam hi a rintlâkin a dik thlap a. Ennawn ţul ti an awm pawhin, Dikna hmanruaa hmanga ennawn a nih ngat chuan, he Kohhran Thutlûkna thar hi a danglam tawh ngai lovang” tiin a sawi nghal bawk a ni. Galileo khân a Telescope mâwl tê hmanga khati khawpa ropui thil a hmuchhuak thei a nih chuan, Kohhran khân lo khaihlum ta lo se, la dam sela chuan, Telescope ţha zawk-te hmangin Vân lam chanchin kha lo zir zel ta sela, Engang tlukin Astronomy lamah hmasawnna ropui khawvelah hian thlen ang maw? tih hi mi tam tak zawhna chu a ni. Mahse, Kohhran ber khân a lo khaihlum hmiah mai si!!!

5. TLÂNGKAWMNA

Thil lo tisual ta pawh nise, Kohhran a ni a, Engahnge Kohhran-in ngaihdam an dil kher? tih hi Zawhna pawimawh tak a ni. A chhânna Bible-ah a awm a, “Ngaihdam in dil tawn ula, In ngaidam tawn rawh u… In ngaihdam loh chuan in Pa vâna mi pawhin a ngaidam bik lovang che u,” (Mat.6:14-15, 18:27-32, Mk.11:25-26, Lk.17:3-4, Eph.4:32, Kol.3:13, 1Joh.1:8-9), tiin min hrilh. Ngaidam ve duhlo Chhiahhlawh dinhmun aţang hian, Ngaihdamna Pawimawh-zia min zirtir a. Bible Zirtirna kan en chuan, Thil kan Tih-sualah Ngaihdam kan dil duh loh chuan… Pathian kan hre lo, a tihna a ni (sual ka nei lo kan tih chuan, 1Joh.1:8). Tin, Miin Ngaihdam min dil a, kan Ngaidam duh lo a nih chuan Pathian Ngaihdamna kan beisei thei lovang, Midangte Ngaidam thei lo tân Vânram a beiseiawm loh, ti ila kan sawi sual lovang.

He Bible Zirtirna pawimawh-zia hi Hruaitu Ropui Thlarau-mi Pope John Paul II khân a hrechiang hle a. Kohhran Hruaitute khân Vânram an beisei a nih chuan Galileo hnenah khân Ngaihdam an dil a ţul tih a hmu chiang a. Chuvangin, Kohhran Hruaitute Tih-sualah khân Mawhphurtu-a inngaiin rilru thianghlim takin, Galileo Chhungte leh Kohhran member-te hnenah khân Ngaihdam a dil a ni. Bible chuan, “I Khingpui chu kalkawnga in kal dun laiin rem thuai rawh. Chutilochuan Roreltu a mantir ang chia… Tâninah an khung dah ang che” a ti a (Mat.5;25, Lk.12:58). Kan Mihringpuite nen-a kan inkâr a felloh chuan, Vânrama luh hi a lo har hle dawn niin alang ta. Ringtu i ni a, Vânram i beisei chuan, tih tur pawimawh lutuk pakhat i nei, I Rawngbawlpui, I Ţhian, I Vêngte hnenah Ngaihdam dil tur i neih chuan, ngaihdam dil thuai la, Ngaihdam tur i neih chuan Ngaidam nghal ang che.

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Galileo Galilei

Italian Physicist and Astronomer

BIRTH= February 15, 1564

DEATH= January 8, 1642

PLACE OF BIRTH= Pisa, Italy

KNOWN FOR=

Making a number of important astronomical discoveries, including the four Moons of Jupiter, Sunspots, and the myriad of stars that compose the Milky Way. Galileo also  

Proposing that falling bodies would all fall at the same rate, regardless of mass, if there were no air resistance. Galileo helped develop the scientific method by using experimentation to test physical theories. Galileo constructed the first thermometer.

MILESTONES=

1). 1589 Taught mathematics at the University of Pisa

2). 1592 Taught mathematics at the University of Padua

3). 1609 Reinvented the telescope based on hearsay of such a device's existence in Holland

4). 1610 Studied the heavens with his telescope, and discovered mountains on the Moon, thousands of stars too faint to be seen unaided, the phases of Venus, and other important astronomical findings

5). 1610 Published several of his astronomical findings in Sidereus Nuncius (The Starry Messenger)

6). 1610 Accepted a position as mathematician and philosopher to the Grand Duke of Tuscany

7). 1632 Published a defense of the Copernican Heliocentric (sun-centered) universe

8). 1633 The Roman Catholic Church forced Galileo to recant his support of the Copernican system, and placed him under lifelong (9 years) house arrest.

DID YOU KNOW=

1). Galileo died in 1642, while under house arrest (after 9 long years) imposed upon him by the Roman Catholic Church.

2). In 1992, the Church (initiated by Pope John Paul II in 1979) acknowledged that its condemnation of Galileo was a mistake.

3). In 1989 NASA sent Galileo Orbiter (Orbiter named after Galileo) to study Jupiter. 

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Nicolaus Copernicus

Polish Astronomer

BIRTH= February 19, 1473

DEATH= May 24, 1543

PLACE OF BIRTH= Toruń, Poland

KNOWN FOR=

Proposing a heliocentric (sun-centered) model for the solar system, in which the Sun is stationary at the center, and Earth and the other planets orbit around it.

CAREER=

1). 1491-1494 Studied mathematics at Kraków Academy (now Jagiełłonian University)

2). 1496 Went to Italy to study astronomy and law at the University of Bologna

3). 1497 Began observations of the Sun, Moon, and planets

4). 1514? Wrote Commentariolus, an outline of his astronomical ideas, but did not circulate it widely

5). 1543 Published De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), which held that Earth and the other planets orbit a centrally located Sun

DID YOU KNOW=

1). Before Copernican theory was accepted, astronomers believed that Earth was stationary at the center of the solar system, and the Sun and planets revolved around it.

2). Copernicus was best known to his contemporaries as a doctor and the Canon of Frauenburg Cathedral.

3). Italian physicist and astronomer Galileo attempted to publicize Copernican theory in the early 1600s, and was convicted of heresy as a result.

4). Copernican theory was not widely accepted until the late 17th century—over 100 years after Copernicus's death.

5). Copernicus's book, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, was banned as heretical by the Catholic Church until 1835.