1. History of Gaza in Biblical Time
Gaza first appears in the
Tanach as a Philistine city, the site of Samson's dramatic death. Jews finally
conquered it in the Hasmonean era, and continued to live there. Notable
residents include Dunash Ibn Labrat, and Nathan of Gaza, advisor to false
messiah Shabtai Zvi. Gaza is within the boundaries of Shevet Yehuda in Biblical
Israel (see Genesis 15, Joshua 15:47, Kings 15:47 and Judges 1:18) and
therefore some have argued that there is a Halachic requirement to live in this
land.
2. What Exactly Is The Gaza Strip?
The Gaza Strip is a roughly
rectangular territory surrounding the city of Gaza, wedged between the
Mediterranean Sea and Israel. To the southwest, it shares a seven-mileborder
with Egypt. The region has a long history of occupation—by the ancient Egyptians,
the Philistines, the Arabs, the Christian Crusaders, and the Ottomans.
AfterWorld War I, the Gaza area became part of the British Mandate of
Palestine, and it was occupied by Egypt in 1948, in the aftermath of the first
Arab-Israeli war. Israel took control of the region during the Six-Day War in
1967, along with the West Bank, eastern Jerusalem, the Golan Heights, and the
Sinai Peninsula.
In 1994, Israel withdrew from
parts of the Gaza Strip as part of its obligations under the Oslo Accords
(which also affirmed the rights of the Palestinians to self-government). The
Palestinian National Authority and Israel shared power in the Gaza Strip for
the next 10 years, with the PNA administering civilian control and the Israelis
overseeing military affairs as well as the borders, airspace, and remaining
Israeli settlements.